![]() DSSCs use a dye-sensitized semiconductor to absorb photons from sunlight, which creates an electron–hole pair. ![]() One of the most common types of solar-derived chemical fuel cells is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), also known as the Grätzel cell. This technology has the potential to revolutionize energy storage, providing a more sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional battery technologies. The basic principle of these fuel cells is to convert solar energy into chemical energy through the photoelectrochemical reaction, where sunlight excites electrons in a photoelectrode, creating a flow of electricity. Solar-derived chemical fuel cells utilize solar energy to produce electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Discussions on the limitations of solar-derived fuel cells were provided in relation to environmental hazards involved in the use of these cells. It provides some insights on the requirements of solar-derived chemical fuel cells as well as some novel materials for the fabrication of solar-derived chemical fuel cells. This article discusses various advanced fuel cell types with descriptions of their working principles and applications. However, the infrastructure for fuel cells is still not fully developed and the cost of fuel cells is currently high, hindering their widespread adoption. They are used in a variety of applications, including powering buildings and vehicles, and as a backup power source. Fuel cells are highly efficient and can produce electricity with very little pollution. They convert chemical energy from fuels into electricity through chemical reactions with an oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are essential components of a large portfolio for developing a competitive, secure, and sustainable clean energy economy as they possess the ability to efficiently convert a variety of fuels into electricity.
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